Ahlul Baiti



4.  Fathul Zara'i'i wa sadduha (bude kofar hanzari da rufe ta)

Mazhabobin Ahlussunnan nan guda hudu, Hanafiyya, Malikiyya, Hambaliyya da Shafi'iyya sun sassaba kan karbar wadannan hujjoji, ba su hadu gaba daya akansu ba. Za ka ga wasunsu suna tabbatar da wannan su yi watsi da wancan daga cikin hujjojin (hanyoyin samun hukumci).

A dalilin sassabawa wajen dauka ko watsi da wasu hujjoji mazhabobin fikihu guda hudun nan suka sami sabani tsakaninsu kuma suka saba da mazhabar nassi wacce A'imman Ahlulbaiti (a.s) suke jagoranta. Kuma a dalilin hakan ne mazhabobin nan biyar suka sassaba ka bayanan hukumce-hukumcen filla-filla. Wannan sabanin yana komawa ne ga abubuwa na tushe guda biyu, su ne:

1.  Rikon wasu hujjojin (na fitar da hukumcin shari'a) daban tare da Alkur'ani da Sunna da sashen mazhabobin suka yi da kuma rashin riko da su a wajen wani sashen.

2.  Sassabawa wajen karbar sashen ruwayoyi (hadisai) ko watsi da su domin dogaro da sharuddan karbar hadisi da gaskata sashen maruwaita ko a'a.

A sarari yake cewa sabanin da ke tsakanin mazha-bobin Musulunci, sabani ne na ilmi wanda bai kamata ya raba musulmi ba, ko ya nisanta tsakaninsu. Domin abin lura shi ne ana iya magance irin wannan sassabawa ta hanyar muhawara da bincike mai tsabta wanda babu son zuciya ciki. Wajibi ne irin wannan bincike a yi shi karkashin ginshikin ilimi yardaddu ga dukkan musulmi, tare da bude kofar ijtihadi wacce take rufe a wurin wasu mazhabobi. Yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa wannan sabani ba tsakanin Sunna da Shi'a yake ba, sai dai ya wanzu ne tsakanin mazhabobin fikihu kamar guda shida: Hanafiyya, Malikiyya, Shafi'iyya, Hambaliyya, Ja'afariyya da Zaidiyya, a kara kuma da ra'ayoyi da ijtihadin sashin malaman fikihu ko cikin wadannan mazhabobi ambatattu ko waje da su.

Yayin da aka bude kofar ijtihadi wa dukkan sassan musulmi, malaman fikihu kuma suka karbi aikinsu da aka sansu da shi, to za a iya iyakance ginshikan istinbadi (tsamo hukumci daga Alkur'ani da hadisi ko dai wani tushe na shari'a) da ayyana ko mene ne mabubbugan shari'a da kuma hanyar ciro hukumce-hukumce daga mabubbugar nan na tushe (wato Alkur'ani da Sunna). Domin ta hanyar komawa garesu su biyun da kokkofin ruwayoyi da hadisai da zubar da wadanda ba su inganta ba daga cikinsu, ba tare da son kai ko karkata ga wani ra'ayi ba, to musulmi za su iya yin watsi da mafi yawan sabanin da yake tsakaninsu, kuma za su iya gane abin da yake shi ne dai-dai, kuma su iya hade kansu waje guda. Duk da haka, irin ra'ayoyi da mahanga na ilmi da malaman fikihu suke da su za su wanzu, kamar yadda yake tsakanin malaman fikihu na ko wacce mazhaba ta Musulunci, kuma wannan wata dabi'a ce ta ilimi a duk wani fagen ilmi da ka sani a rayuwar dan'Adam. Saboda ba makawa a sami ra'ayoyin malamai a fagen ijtihadi da istinbadi domin malaman fikihu ba za su iya gano ainihin hukumce-hukumcen Ubangiji dukkansu gaba daya ba. Dole a samu mujtahidi (mai yin ijtihadi) yana dacewa yana kuskure kuma shi abin yi wa uzuri ne da kuma sakantawa da lada matukar ya yi bincikensa bisa tushen ilmi da ingantacciyar hanya ta shari'a.

Ga wasu misalan yadda ra'ayoyin malaman fikihu suke dacewa ko sassabawa, ba kuma tare da la'akari da ko daga Shi'a ko Sunna suke ba:

Imamiyya da Hambaliyya sun ce: Tahiyar farko wajiba ce a salla, amma Hanafiyya da shafi'iyya da Malikiyya sun ce mustahabi take ba wajiba ba.

Amma tahiya ta karshe kuwa wajiba ce a ganin Shafi'iyya da Imamiyya da Hambaliyya, amma Malikiyya da Hanafiyya sun ce mustahabi ce .



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